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We have studied formation of molecular nitrogen under low-energy nitrogen bombardment in a range of compound semiconductors by synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) around N 1s core-level and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) around N K-edge. We have found interstitial molecular nitrogen, N 2 , in all samples under consideration. The presence of N 2...
Photo-assisted electrochemical (PEC) and photo-assisted electrodeless (ELPEC) etching of n-doped GaN layers grown on sapphire in a KOH based solution under illumination of Hg arc lamp is demonstrated. Smooth surfaces were obtained for a narrow range of etching conditions. It was found out that this window could be extended by using etching conditions which produced “whiskers”. For ELPEC etching final...
The design, fabrication and test of piezoresistive sensors based on nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films are reported. The CoventorWare FEM calculations of the mechanical stress and geometrical deformations of a 3-D structure are used for a proper localization of the piezoresistor on the carrying substrate. The boron-doped piezoresistive sensing element was realized using a directed patterned growth...
The magnetic anisotropy was studied as a function of the AlN layer thickness in [AlN(xnm)/CoPt(2nm)]5/AlN(xnm) layered structure (x is AlN layer thickness, and 5 is the number of multilayer series). The multilayered film was deposited by a sputtering apparatus equipped with two pairs of facing targets. It was found that, in the range of AlN layer thickness below 30nm, CoPt/AlN multilayers transform...
Giant magnetoresistance and magnetostriction effects in a Co-based e-beam evaporated pseudo spin-valve (SV) with Au spacer were studied. Samples were deposited onto polyimide substrates. The effect of strain on samples was studied in bending configuration. The strain was changed in the interval of [−900−×10 −5 +1100×10 −5 ]. Resistance was measured in an external field of ±25kA/m with...
The article deals with structural properties of ZnO thin layers prepared on Si (111) by pulsed laser deposition at different pressures (1–35Pa) of ambient oxygen in the deposition chamber. The growth temperature was 400°C and a pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used at a wavelength of 355nm. Two parallel sets of samples deposited by ablation of different targets (a sintered ceramic pellet of ZnO and a pure...
In PVD coatings, various growth defects typically appear during the deposition. Such defects are drawbacks in coating application. In order to improve the tribological properties of PVD hard coatings it is important to minimize the defect density. Various PVD hard coatings were prepared by evaporation using a thermionic arc and by sputtering using unbalanced magnetron sources. Coating topography was...
Structural entropy was developed for detecting the type of localization in charge distributions on a finite grid, especially in mesoscopic electronic systems. However, it is possible to detect and analyze superstructures, i.e., topologies consisting of more structures with different types of localization properties. In the definition of the structural entropy, the von Neumann entropy of the system...
All-metal joints are widely used in the vacuum systems of particle accelerators. The most common ConFlat ® design consists of a flat soft copper gasket captured between two stainless steel flanges with sharp edges (knives). The gasket is plastically deformed and a high contact pressure develops around knives to obtain leak tightness. For large accelerators, a high reliability and a cost-optimized...
In this study we investigated the nucleation of synthetic diamond thin films on Si substrates by double bias enhanced Hot Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition (HFCVD) method. First, we investigated the influence of the bias voltage and secondly the influence of the nucleation time under different bias voltages. The bias voltage was varied from −120V up to −220V as well as the nucleation time was changed...
Metal island films (MIFs) of Ag on glass substrates were fabricated by the e-beam evaporation technique. The dependence of the surface plasmon (SP) absorption properties on the deposition mass thickness and substrate temperature was quantified. The structural and optical characterization of the MIFs, obtained using spectrometry, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and atomic force...
Multilayered Au/Ni/Al thin film metallization deposited by DC sputtering on n + Si substrates has been investigated. AES depth profiling was performed to reveal the concentration depth profiles of the Au/Ni/Al multilayers before and after annealing at different temperatures in the range 623–723K. It was found that Ni aluminide layers begin to form during heat treatments at temperatures above...
Fullerene layers molecular beam epitaxially grown on, a vanadium–selenide substrate are investigated and the morphology of the layered structures is studied. The individual layer morphologies are derived from the atomic force microscopy picture of the surface. The pattern morphology of certain layers is analyzed by a box counting method. The surface morphology shows fractal behaviour. The pattern...
Plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) has been used to prepare hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films at different hydrogen dilution of silane source gas. The films were deposited on Corning glass 1737 substrate and on (100) oriented c-Si wafers and characterized by XRD diffraction, micro-Raman and FTIR spectrometry. Experimental data show evolution from amorphous to nanocrystalline...
The behaviour of density of neutral hydrogen atoms in the presence of a sample holder in a MESOX reactor was studied. The MESOX reactor is used for studying interaction of hydrogen atoms with solid state surfaces at extreme conditions. Concentrated solar radiation with power of approximately 6kW is collimated to a spot with the surface in the order of magnitude 1cm 2 thus allowing for independent...
The microstructure and electronic structure of nanodispersed (Al 67 Ti 33 N) and (Ti 10 Al 70 Cr 20 N) PVD coatings were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron spectroscopy techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). The grain size measured by...
Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), high-resolution Laplace DLTS (L-DLTS) and L-DLTS combined with uniaxial stress have been used in this work for characterization and identification of electrically active defects induced in Sb-doped germanium crystals by irradiation with fast neutrons. The samples were irradiated with relatively small doses of neutrons (≤5×10 11 cm −2 ) in order...
Al(60nm) and Ti(40nm)/Al(160nm) metal layers have been deposited by thermal evaporation onto n-GaN epitaxial layers grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) on a c-plane sapphire substrate. The samples have been annealed at 300, 400, 700 or 900°C for 10min in vacuum. The microstructural and electrical properties of the contacts have been investigated by electron microscopy, X-ray...
For the realization of an accurate vacuum standard by the orifice-flow method in high and ultra-high vacuum, it is important to determine the conductance of an orifice accurately. Since the shape of the edge of the orifice significantly influences the conductance, a new orifice with thin tapered edge was designed and fabricated to measure its dimension and shape precisely with microscopy techniques...
Low-temperature plasmas, especially plasma of electronegative gases, are widely used in present plasma-assisted material processing. The introduction of electronegative gas into inert gas plasma brings not only new types of charged particles but also new interactions with the particles of neutral background. These mechanisms affect the transport of charged species from the plasma to immersed substrates...
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